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Western Front; Part of the European theatre of World War I: Clockwise from top left: Men of the Royal Irish Rifles, concentrated in the trench, right before going over the top on the First day on the Somme; British soldier carries a wounded comrade from the battlefield on the first day of the Somme; A young German soldier during the Battle of Ginchy; American infantry storming a German bunker ...
In the 'Report on Survey on the Western Front 1914-1918', published in 1920, Colonel E.M. Jack wrote "The 1:20,000 was the map commonly used by the Artillery, and as trenches could be shown on it in sufficient detail to be of use to the infantry it was the most useful scale of all, and the one that could least easily be dispensed with."
The western front thus became a continuous trench system of more than 400 miles (640 km). From the Belgian channel town of Nieuwpoort , the trench lines ran southward for many miles, turning southeast at Noyon , continuing past Reims , Verdun , Saint-Mihiel and Nancy ; then cutting south again to the northern Swiss border twenty miles (32 km ...
British (upper) and German (lower) frontline trenches, 1916 German soldiers of the 11th Reserve Hussar Regiment fighting from a trench, on the Western Front, 1916 Plan of Ruapekapeka Pā 1846, an elaborate and heavily fortified Ngāpuhi innovation, which James Belich has argued laid the groundwork for or essentially invented modern trench warfare.
The front trench system was the sentry line for the battle zone garrison, which was allowed to move away from concentrations of enemy fire and then counter-attack to recover the battle and outpost zones; such withdrawals were envisaged as occurring on small parts of the battlefield which had been made untenable by Allied artillery fire, as the ...
The defences were crowded towards the front trench with a regiment having two battalions near the front-trench system and the reserve battalion divided between the Stützpunktlinie and the second position, all within 2,000 yards (1,800 m) of no man's land and most troops within 1,000 yards (910 m) of the front line, accommodated in the new deep ...
Since Russia was in a civil war at the time, many German divisions were sent to the Western front. The Germans advanced towards the Marne after the Micheal Offensive, Operation George, Gneisenau, and Blücher-Yorck. Major ground was taken in the German front taking many lands that they lost from Pre-Hindenburg Line, but at a cost of 600,000 ...
The terms used most frequently at the start of the war to describe the area between the trench lines included 'between the trenches' or 'between the lines'. [11] The term 'no man's land' was first used in a military context by soldier and historian Ernest Swinton in his short story "The Point of View". [1]