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For processes that produce homogeneous batches (e.g., chemical) where repeat measurements vary primarily because of measurement error; The "chart" actually consists of a pair of charts: one, the individuals chart, displays the individual measured values; the other, the moving range chart, displays the difference from one point to the next.
Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. [1] Psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens developed the best-known classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement: nominal , ordinal , interval , and ratio .
For example, a scaling technique might involve estimating individuals' levels of extraversion, or the perceived quality of products. Certain methods of scaling permit estimation of magnitudes on a continuum, while other methods provide only for relative ordering of the entities. The level of measurement is the type of data that is measured.
The value assigned to a Likert item has no objective numerical basis, either in terms of measure theory or scale (from which a distance metric can be determined). The value assigned to each Likert item is simply determined by the researcher designing the survey, who makes the decision based on a desired level of detail.
In practice, then, it is common for trainers to get stuck in Levels 1 and 2 and never proceed to Levels 3 and 4, where the most useful data exist. Today, Kirkpatrick-certified facilitators stress "starting with the end in mind," essentially beginning with Level 4 and moving backward in order to better establish the desired outcome before ever ...
Multi-vari charts were first described by Leonard Seder in 1950, [1] [2] though they were developed independently by multiple sources. They were inspired by the stock market candlestick charts or open-high-low-close charts. [3] As originally conceived, the multi-vari chart resembles a Shewhart individuals control chart with the following ...
A control chart is a more specific kind of run chart. The control chart is one of the seven basic tools of quality control, which also include the histogram, pareto chart, check sheet, cause and effect diagram, flowchart and scatter diagram. Control charts prevent unnecessary process adjustments, provide information about process capability ...
A measurement system analysis (MSA) is a thorough assessment of a measurement process, and typically includes a specially designed experiment that seeks to identify the components of variation in that measurement process. Just as processes that produce a product may vary, the process of obtaining measurements and data may also have variation ...