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Five nonmetallic elements—hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silicon—make up the bulk of Earth's atmosphere, biosphere, crust and oceans. Industrial uses of nonmetals include in electronics, energy storage, agriculture, and chemical production. Most nonmetallic elements were identified in the 18th and 19th centuries.
The nonmetallic elements are sometimes instead divided into two to seven alternative classes or sets according to, for example, electronegativity; the relative homogeneity of the halogens; molecular structure; the peculiar nature of hydrogen; the corrosive nature of oxygen and the halogens; their respective groups; and variations thereupon.
The chemical elements can be broadly divided into metals, metalloids, and nonmetals according to their shared physical and chemical properties.All elemental metals have a shiny appearance (at least when freshly polished); are good conductors of heat and electricity; form alloys with other metallic elements; and have at least one basic oxide.
Some textbooks use the term nonmetallic elements such as the Chemistry of the Non-Metals by Ralf Steudel, [25]: 4 which also uses the general definition in terms of conduction and the Fermi level. [ 25 ] : 154 The approach based upon the elements is often used in teaching to help students understand the periodic table of elements, [ 26 ...
Nonmetals show more variability in their properties than do metals. [1] Metalloids are included here since they behave predominately as chemically weak nonmetals.. Physically, they nearly all exist as diatomic or monatomic gases, or polyatomic solids having more substantial (open-packed) forms and relatively small atomic radii, unlike metals, which are nearly all solid and close-packed, and ...
Twenty-four nonmetals, including B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te and At. H is placed over F. Sherwin E & Weston GJ 1966, Chemistry of the Non-metallic Elements, Pergamon Press, Oxford. Twenty-three nonmetals. H is shown over Li and F; Germanium, As, Se, and Te are later referred to as metalloids; Sb is shown as a nonmetal but later referred to as a metal.
Periodic table of the chemical elements showing the most or more commonly named sets of elements (in periodic tables), and a traditional dividing line between metals and nonmetals. The f-block actually fits between groups 2 and 3 ; it is usually shown at the foot of the table to save horizontal space.
Pages in category "Nonmetals" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. D. Discovery of the nonmetals; M.