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Additive effect can be used to detect synergy as it can be considered as the baseline effect in methods determining whether drugs have synergistic effect. Synergistic effect is similar to additive effect, having a combination effect greater than additive effect. It can produce an effect of 2+2 > 4 when two drugs are used together.
In the synergistic response, the applied antibiotics work together to produce an effect more potent than if each antibiotic were applied singly. [1] Compare to the additive effect , where the potency of an antibiotic combination is roughly equal to the combined potencies of each antibiotic singly, and antagonistic effect, where the potency of ...
additive (the result is what you expect when you add together the effect of each drug taken independently), synergistic (combining the drugs leads to a larger effect than expected), or; antagonistic (combining the drugs leads to a smaller effect than expected). [3] It may be difficult to distinguish between synergistic or additive interactions ...
Non-additive effects involve dominance or epistasis, and cause outcomes that are not a sum of the contribution of the genes involved. Additive genetic effects are singularly important with regard to quantitative traits , as the sum of these effects informs the placement of a trait on the spectrum of possible outcomes.
Let and be doses of compounds 1 and 2 producing in combination an effect . We denote by D e 1 {\displaystyle D_{e1}} and D e 2 {\displaystyle D_{e2}} the doses of compounds 1 and 2 required to produce effect e {\displaystyle e} alone (assuming this conditions uniquely define them, i.e. that the individual dose-response functions are bijective).
The specific interaction between drugs and their receptors is referred to as "drug action", and the widespread changes in physiological or psychological function is referred to as "drug effect". [2] These drugs may originate from natural sources such as plants and animals, or from artificial sources such as chemical synthesis in the laboratory.
Pharmacodynamics places particular emphasis on dose–response relationships, that is, the relationships between drug concentration and effect. [1] One dominant example is drug-receptor interactions as modeled by + where L, R, and LR represent ligand (drug), receptor, and ligand-receptor complex concentrations, respectively.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration also has guidance to elucidate dose–response relationships [3] during drug development. Dose response relationships may be used in individuals or in populations. The adage The dose makes the poison reflects how a small amount of a toxin has no significant effect, while a large amount may be fatal. This ...