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The Proclamation of Independence of Morocco (Arabic: وثيقة الاستقلال, French: Manifeste de l'Indépendance du Maroc), also translated as the Manifesto of Independence of Morocco or Proclamation of January 11, 1944, is a document in which Moroccan nationalists called for the independence of Morocco in its national entirety under ...
The French protectorate in Morocco, [4] also known as French Morocco, was the period of French colonial rule in Morocco that lasted from 1912 to 1956. [5] The protectorate was officially established 30 March 1912, when Sultan Abd al-Hafid signed the Treaty of Fez, though the French military occupation of Morocco had begun with the invasion of Oujda and the bombardment of Casablanca in 1907.
The Franco-Moroccan Declaration of Independence was signed on 2 March 1956, although about 100,000 French troops remained on Moroccan land at the time. [ 3 ] Spain signed an agreement with Morocco in April 1956 to leave the northern zone , but it did not withdraw its forces from Tarfaya and Sidi Ifni in the Sahara for another 20 years, while ...
The Treaty of Fes (Arabic: معاهدة فاس, French: Traité de Fès), officially the Treaty Concluded Between France and Morocco on 30 March 1912, for the Organization of the French Protectorate in the Sharifian Empire (French: Traité conclu entre la France et le Maroc le 30 mars 1912, pour l'organisation du protectorat français dans l'Empire chérifien), [2] was a treaty signed by ...
On 8 February 1909, a further Franco-German agreement reaffirmed Morocco's independence while recognizing France's “special political interests” and Germany's economic interests in North Africa. [30]
In 1968, under pressure from the United Nations, [225] Spain granted Equatorial Guinea its independence, and the following year it ceded Ifni to Morocco. Under Franco, Spain also pursued a campaign to force a negotiation on the British overseas territory of Gibraltar, and closed its border with that territory in 1969. The border would not be ...
The Treaty between France and Spain regarding Morocco was signed on 27 November 1912 by French and Spanish heads of state, establishing de jure a Spanish Zone of influence in northern and southern Morocco, both zones being de facto under Spanish control, [1] while France was still regarded as the protecting power as it was the sole occupying power to sign the Treaty of Fes.
The sultan agreed to institute reforms that would transform Morocco into a constitutional monarchy with a democratic form of government. As the French Foreign Minister Antoine Pinay had expressed, there was a willingness to grant Morocco its independence to "turn Morocco into a modern, democratic and sovereign state". [168]