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  2. Bose–Einstein statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BoseEinstein_statistics

    Both Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein become Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics at high temperature or at low concentration. Bose–Einstein statistics was introduced for photons in 1924 by Bose and generalized to atoms by Einstein in 1924–25. The expected number of particles in an energy state i for Bose–Einstein statistics is:

  3. Particle statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_statistics

    Particle statistics is a particular description of multiple particles in statistical mechanics.A key prerequisite concept is that of a statistical ensemble (an idealization comprising the state space of possible states of a system, each labeled with a probability) that emphasizes properties of a large system as a whole at the expense of knowledge about parameters of separate particles.

  4. Bose–Einstein condensate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BoseEinstein_condensate

    Bose first sent a paper to Einstein on the quantum statistics of light quanta (now called photons), in which he derived Planck's quantum radiation law without any reference to classical physics. Einstein was impressed, translated the paper himself from English to German and submitted it for Bose to the Zeitschrift für Physik , which published ...

  5. Spin–statistics theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin–statistics_theorem

    All known particles obey either Fermi–Dirac statistics or Bose–Einstein statistics. A particle's intrinsic spin always predicts the statistics of a collection of such particles and conversely: [3] integral-spin particles are bosons with Bose–Einstein statistics, half-integral-spin particles are fermions with Fermi–Dirac statistics.

  6. Gas in a harmonic trap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_in_a_harmonic_trap

    Using the results from either Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics, Bose–Einstein statistics or Fermi–Dirac statistics we use the Thomas–Fermi approximation (gas in a box) and go to the limit of a very large trap, and express the degeneracy of the energy states as a differential, and summations over states as integrals.

  7. Bose gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose_gas

    The thermodynamics of an ideal Bose gas is best calculated using the grand canonical ensemble.The grand potential for a Bose gas is given by: = ⁡ = ⁡ (). where each term in the sum corresponds to a particular single-particle energy level ε i; g i is the number of states with energy ε i; z is the absolute activity (or "fugacity"), which may also be expressed in terms of the chemical ...

  8. Category:Bose–Einstein statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:BoseEinstein...

    Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Bose–Einstein condensates (13 P) Pages in category "Bose–Einstein statistics"

  9. Satyendra Nath Bose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose

    Satyendra Nath Bose FRS, MP [1] (/ ˈ b oʊ s /; [4] [a] 1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian theoretical physicist and mathematician.He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, in developing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate.