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Indigenous people lived in what is now Texas more than 10,000 years ago, as evidenced by the discovery of the remains of prehistoric Leanderthal Lady.In 1519, the arrival of the first Spanish conquistadors in the region of North America now known as Texas found the region occupied by numerous Native American tribes.
The Republic of Texas (Spanish: República de Tejas), or simply Texas, was a country in North America. [3] It existed for close to 10 years, from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846. Texas shared borders with Mexico , the Republic of the Rio Grande , and the United States .
The first railroad built in Texas is called the Harrisburg Railroad and opened for business in 1853. [21] In 1854, the Texas and Red River telegraph services were the first telegraph offices to open in Texas. [21] The Texas cotton industry in 1859 increased production by seven times compared to 1849, as 58,073 bales increased to 431,645 bales. [22]
Soon thereafter, the San Antonio Missions were founded along the San Antonio River. The City of San Antonio, then known as San Fernando de Bexar, was founded in 1718. In the early 1760s, José de Escandón created five settlements along the Rio Grande River, including Laredo.
Oligocene volcanic rocks are found in far west Texas in the Big Bend area. A blanket of Miocene sediments known as the Ogallala formation in the western high plains region is an important aquifer. [159] Located far from an active plate tectonic boundary, Texas has no volcanoes and few earthquakes. [160]
Spanish Texas was one of the interior provinces of the colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1519 until 1821. Spain claimed ownership of the region in 1519. Slave raids by Spaniards into what became Texas began in the 16th century and created an atmosphere of antagonism with Native Americans (Indians) which would cause endless difficulties for the Spanish in the future.
Texas Declares Independence. Austin and Tanner map of Texas in 1836 Detail of the Republic of Texas from the Lizars map of Mexico and Guatemala, circa 1836. March 2 – The Texas Declaration of Independence is signed by 58 delegates at an assembly at Washington-on-the-Brazos and the Republic of Texas is declared. [1]
The Caddo inhabited the Dallas area before it was settled by Europeans. All of Texas became part of the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Spain in the 16th century. The area was also claimed by the French, but in 1819 the Adams-Onís Treaty officially placed Dallas well within Spanish territory by making the Red River the northern boundary of New Spain.