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Protected concerted activity is a term of art in United States labor law that refers to the actions employees take to improve their working conditions that are protected from employer interference or retaliation under the National Labor Relations Act. [1]
PAR practitioners make a concerted effort to integrate three basic aspects of their work: participation (life in society and democracy), action (engagement with experience and history), and research (soundness in thought and the growth of knowledge). [2] "Action unites, organically, with research" and collective processes of self-investigation. [3]
The ideal solution is then to undertake this as a collective action, the cost of which is shared. Situations like this include the prisoner's dilemma, a collective action problem in which no communication is allowed, the free rider problem, and the tragedy of the commons, also known as the problem with open access. [12]
Communication outside the organization negotiates terms of recognition of the organization’s existence and place in what is called "identity negotiation" or "positioning". [8] Often the communicators of this message are individuals who concurrently negotiate their own relationships but messages can come from the greater organization as a whole.
Communication for Development is built around four axes: The four axis of Communication for Development Com4Prom : Communication for Promotion promotes development aid in donor countries to justify how and why development aid resources are spent.
Primary, alternate, contingency and emergency (PACE) is a methodology used to build a communication plan. [1] The method requires the author to determine the different stakeholders or parties that need to communicate and then determine, if possible, the best four, different, redundant forms of communication between each of those parties ...
Grounding in communication is a concept proposed by Herbert H. Clark and Susan E. Brennan. It comprises the collection of "mutual knowledge, mutual beliefs, and mutual assumptions" that is essential for communication between two people. [1] Successful grounding in communication requires parties "to coordinate both the content and process".
A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political one. [1] [2] This may be to carry out a social change, or to resist or undo one. It is a type of group action and may involve individuals, organizations, or both. [3]