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A high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) is a type of gas-cooled nuclear reactor which uses uranium fuel and graphite moderation to produce very high reactor core output temperatures. [1] All existing HTGR reactors use helium coolant. The reactor core can be either a "prismatic block" (reminiscent of a conventional reactor core) or a ...
A gas-cooled reactor (GCR) is a nuclear reactor that uses graphite as a neutron moderator and a gas (carbon dioxide or helium in extant designs) as coolant. [1] Although there are many other types of reactor cooled by gas, the terms GCR and to a lesser extent gas cooled reactor are particularly used to refer to this type of reactor.
A pebble-bed power plant combines a gas-cooled core [5] and a novel fuel packaging. [6]The uranium, thorium or plutonium nuclear fuels are in the form of a ceramic (usually oxides or carbides) contained within spherical pebbles a little smaller than the size of a tennis ball and made of pyrolytic graphite, which acts as the primary neutron moderator.
The reactor in Shidao Bay, China is the world’s first gas-cooled nuclear power plant built for commercial demonstration. It is cooled by helium and can reach high temperatures of up to 750 ...
Two such reactor designs are the prismatic-block gas-cooled reactor (such as the GT-MHR) and the pebble-bed reactor (PBR). Both of these reactor designs are high temperature gas reactors (HTGRs). These are also the basic reactor designs of very-high-temperature reactors (VHTRs), one of the six classes of reactor designs in the Generation IV ...
The HTR-PM is a high-temperature gas-cooled (HTGR) pebble-bed reactor. While the German AVR and THTR-300, operating from 1969 to 1988, were the first pebble-bed reactors and operated at similar temperatures, the HTR-PM is the first such design using modular construction and the second small modular reactor, following Russia's Akademik Lomonosov floating plant in 2019.
China was the first country to operate a demonstration generation-IV reactor, the HTR-PM in Shidaowan, Shandong, [7] [8] which is a pebble-bed type high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. It was connected to the grid in December 2023, making it the world's first Gen IV reactor to enter commercial operation.
S-PRISM is a commercial implementation of the Integral Fast Reactor developed by Argonne National Laboratory between 1984 and 1994. It is a sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor, based on the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) design, scaled up by a factor of ten. [3]