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The water resources of Singapore are especially precious given the small amount of densely settled land. Singapore receives an average of 2,400 mm of rainfall annually, well above the global average of 1,050 mm. The constraint is the limited land area to catch and store the rainfall, and the absence of natural aquifers and lakes. [11]
The following is a list of reservoirs in Singapore. There are a currently 17 reservoirs which are designated as national water catchment areas and are managed by the Public Utilities Board (PUB) of Singapore .
Pandan Reservoir (Simplified Chinese: 班丹蓄水池; Malay: Empangan Pandan) is a reservoir located in the West Region of Singapore. Formed by damming the mouth of Sungei Pandan, it is the largest service reservoir in Singapore providing non-potable water to the surrounding industrial areas and in particular, the Jurong Industrial Estate.
PUB regulates and oversees the country's entire water supply system, which comprises the water catchment systems, drainage systems, water works, pipeline network, water reclamation plants and sewage systems. In April 2020, PUB was also appointed Singapore's National Coastal Protection Agency.
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By contrast, gravity sewers need a monotonically falling slope of at least 0.5 - 1.0%, which can mean that expensive trenching and pumping stations are needed. Once the wastewater arrives in the vacuum collection tank at the vacuum station, it is pumped to the discharge point, which could be either a gravity sewer or the treatment station.
Similarly, in land drainage, stations pump water to prevent flooding in areas below sea level, a concept pioneered during the Victorian era in places like The Fens in the UK. The introduction of "package pumping stations" has modernized drainage systems, allowing a compact, efficient solution for areas where gravity drainage is impractical.
G-Cans, originally G-CANS PROJECT, [5] is the name of a civic group [6] [7] whose goal is to "transform the area surrounding the Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel and the Shōwa Drainage Pump Station into a new cultural and community hub, utilizing these regional resources to promote regional development"; "CANS" represents the idea that "anything can be done with the ideas ...