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The war was now against Germany, and the increasing successes of partisans in Bulgarian territory worsened friction between Jews and their Bulgarian overseers. [40] Mumdzhiev's attempts to alleviate conditions at the forced labour camps were unevenly adhered to, and the dispositions of individual camp commanders towards the Jews led to varying ...
Nevertheless, Bulgaria sent thousands of Jews from the occupied territories to Nazi concentration camps before the Bulgarians understood what the state was doing. After the war, state propaganda propagated the idea that Tsar Boris III opposed Adolf Hitler and refused to send over the Jews when he was actually the one responsible.
The area was conquered from the Ottoman Empire by Bulgaria during the Balkan Wars, but its western part (Eastern Macedonia) was ceded to Greece afterwards. [3] The Greek part was occupied by Bulgaria during World War I. Greece regained it, including the Bulgarian eastern part (Western Thrace), per the 1919 Treaty of Neuilly.
In 1909, the massive and grand new Sofia Synagogue was consecrated in the presence of Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria as well as ministers and other important guests, an important event for Bulgarian Jewry. [10] Jews were drafted into the Bulgarian army and fought in the Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885), in the Balkan Wars (1912–13), and in the First ...
Then their mass deportation to German concentration camps in occupied Eastern Europe began. The danger for Bulgarian Jews loomed at the end of 1942, when Germany began to put pressure on the Bulgarian government for a "final solution to the Jewish question" within Europe. On February 12, 1943, the Council of Ministers approved an agreement for ...
A small group of people referred to as the Zhutane Roma emerged in Sofia, Bulgaria, during World War II. They were the mixed descendants of poor Jewish women who married Romani men. This group of Bulgarian Romani Jews lived in the neighborhood of Faculteta on Sredna Gora Street. There were over 100 Romani-Jewish families in Sofia.
In January 2019 the European Commission published a survey of 28 countries which showed a wide gap in perceptions between Jews and non-Jews in Europe. 89% of the Jews surveyed thought that antisemitism had "significantly increased" over the last five years, whereas only 36% of non-Jews believed the same. [68]
The Holocaust—the state-led systematic persecution and genocide of European Jews (and certain communities of North African Jews in European controlled North Africa) and other minority groups of Europe during World War II by Germany and its collaborators—remains the most notable modern-day persecution of Jews. [316]