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An increasing trend has been seen in India with how many households have toilet facilities. Although the Indian government has built more toilets, Indians do not necessarily use them, and continue to openly defecate [5] [6] [7] for a variety of reasons - poor quality or non-functioning toilets, reluctance to deviate from cultural norms, poverty, and government corruption.
Between 2014 and 2019, the Government in India claims to have built around 110 million toilets, all across India, due to which the basic sanitation coverage went up from 38.7% in October 2014 to 93.3% in 2019. [32] [33] [34] For years, most Indians depended on on-site sanitation facilities which means mainly pit latrines in rural areas. The ...
Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, two states that had declared themselves open defecation-free, are yet to achieve that goal. In Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh 63% and 35% respectively were estimated to be defecating in the open. [6] Household toilet construction increased from 43.79% in 2014, to 65.74% in 2016, to 98.53 in 2018. [1]
A vault toilet is a non-flush toilet with a sealed container (or vault) buried in the ground to receive the excreta, all of which is contained underground until it is removed by pumping. A vault toilet is distinguished from a pit latrine because the waste accumulates in the vault instead of seeping into the underlying soil.
An eToilet, installed on a street in India. An electronic toilet or eToilet is a type of public toilet that is used in India. The increase in the use of eToilets is in support of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (in English, the Clean India Mission) which intends to reduce the practice of open defecation.
Even if toilets are available, behavior change efforts may still be needed to promote the use of toilets. 'Open defecation free' (ODF) is a term used to describe communities that have shifted to using toilets instead of open defecation. This can happen, for example, after community-led total sanitation programs have been implemented.
The Indian government has been running the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) since 2014 in order to eliminate open defecation and to convince people in rural areas to purchase, construct and use toilets, mainly pit latrines. [15] This campaign is a combination of building new toilets and encouraging behavior change. It is estimated ...
Swachh India Movement (Urban) aims to free urban India from open defecation and 100% scientific management of municipal solid waste in 4,000+ cities across the country. One of its targets is to construct 66 lakh Individual Household Latrines (IHHLs) by October 2, 2019. However, this target has been reduced to 59 lakh IHHLS by 2019.