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Complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE) is one of the non-convulsive forms of status epilepticus, a rare form of epilepsy defined by its recurrent nature. CPSE is characterized by seizures involving long-lasting stupor, staring and unresponsiveness. [1] Sometimes this is accompanied by motor automatisms, such as eye twitching. [2]
Diagnostic criteria vary, though most practitioners diagnose as status epilepticus for: one continuous, unremitting seizure lasting longer than five minutes, [14] or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness between seizures for greater than five minutes. [1] Previous definitions used a 30-minute time limit. [2]
"All recordings showed seizure activity, which in 8/10 cases involved both temporal lobes and in the others remained unilateral (1 left and one right-sided)." [ 2 ] "Another patient was having an EEG when a TGA event occurred; the trace showed a one-minute burst of left temporal spikes, followed by normalization of the EEG. [ 4 ]
Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. [10] An epileptic seizure is the clinical manifestation of an abnormal, excessive, and synchronized electrical discharge in the neurons. [1] The occurrence of two or more unprovoked seizures defines epilepsy. [11]
Epilepsia partialis continua is a rare [1] type of brain disorder in which a patient experiences recurrent motor epileptic seizures that are focal (hands and face), and recur every few seconds or minutes for extended periods (days to years).
Brief seizures, such as absence seizures lasting 5–10 seconds, do not cause observable brain damage. [42] More prolonged seizures have a higher risk of neuronal death. [ 42 ] Prolonged and recurrent seizures, such as status epilepticus, typically cause brain damage. [ 42 ]
In a 2011 study of 77 FIRES patients, 58 had focal seizures. Of the 58, 50 had secondarily generalizing seizures (seizures that evolve from focal to generalized). [6] [11] On a 10-20 scalp electrode EEG, the ictal activity commonly begins temporally and spreads hemispherically and/or bilaterally. [12]
Lafora disease is also known as Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy, which is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder involving recurrent seizures and degradation of mental capabilities. [8] Lafora disease usually occurs in late childhood and usually leads to death around 10 years after first signs of the disease. [8]