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Nahdlatul Ulama (Indonesian pronunciation: [nahˈdatʊl ʊˈlama], lit. ' Revival of the Ulama ', NU) is an Islamic organization in Indonesia.Its membership numbered over 40 million in 2023, [2] making it the largest Islamic organization in the world. [3]
Liberalism and progressivism within Islam involve professed Muslims who have created a considerable body of progressive thought about Islamic understanding and practice. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Their work is sometimes characterized as "progressive Islam" ( Arabic : الإسلام التقدمي al-Islām at-taqaddumī ).
Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. [9] Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number approximately 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.
Unlike contemporary scholarship, which relied on traditions and historical narratives from early Islam, Ibn Taymiyya's methodology was a mixture of the selective use of hadith and a literal understanding of the Quran. [225] [226] He rejected most philosophical approaches to Islam and proposed a clear, simple and dogmatic theology instead. [225]
In Islam, most intellectual disciplines, including Islamic theology, philosophy, mysticism and jurisprudence, have been concerned with the Quran or have their foundation in its teachings. [16] Muslims believe that the preaching or reading of the Quran is rewarded with divine rewards variously called ajr , thawab , or hasanat .
There are three types of Islamic schools in Indonesia: pesantren, madrasah, and sekolah islam. Pesantren can be small with just a few teachers and students to quite large with dozens of teachers and hundreds of students. Pesantren are led by hereditary kyais, who lead the school and have religious authority.
Experts disagree on the importance of ideology in IS. According to Cole Bunzel, not all members of IS are aware of the ideology of the group they support. [1] On the other hand, Princeton scholar Bernard Haykel, who specializes in the study of IS, argues that many Western observers fail to understand the passionate attachment of IS—including to its rank and file—to religious doctrine ...
Muhammad [a] (c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) [b] was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. [c] According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.