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An expense report is a form of document that contains all the expenses that an individual has incurred as a result of the business operation. For example, if the owner of a business travels to another location for a meeting, the cost of travel, the meals, and all other expenses that he/she has incurred may be added to the expense report.
More generalized in the field of economics, cost is a metric that is totaling up as a result of a process or as a differential for the result of a decision. [1] Hence cost is the metric used in the standard modeling paradigm applied to economic processes. Costs (pl.) are often further described based on their timing or their applicability.
In economics, a transaction cost is a cost incurred when making an economic trade when participating in a market. [1] The idea that transactions form the basis of economic thinking was introduced by the institutional economist John R. Commons in 1931.
Fuel, maintenance, insurance, and other car expenses are all business expenses, provided the vehicle is used exclusively for business purposes. The IRS standard mileage rate can also be deducted. 22.
The equivalent nomenclature in economics is specific cost. [2] Direct costs may be either fixed or variable, but typically comprise materials, labour, and specific expenses such as, e.g. a royalty payment to a patent holder for a given production process, [3] all, directly attributable to a cost object. Thus by industry:
These costs are treated as an expense in the period the business recognizes income from sale of the goods. [4] Determining costs requires keeping records of goods or materials purchased and any discounts on such purchase. In addition, if the goods are modified, [5] the business must determine the costs incurred in modifying the goods. Such ...
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
In economics and business decision-making, a sunk cost (also known as retrospective cost) is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered. [1] [2] Sunk costs are contrasted with prospective costs, which are future costs that may be avoided if action is taken. [3]