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Stage 1: Tendon is intact, but damaged. Stage 2: Tendon has ruptured. Foot begins to deform. Stage 3: The foot is significantly deformed. Cartilage begins to degenerate. Stage 4: Ankle joint begins to degenerate. [1] In early stages, patients will describe foot and ankle pain. Swelling will also be present.
The tibialis posterior muscle originates on the inner posterior border of the fibula laterally. [2] It is also attached to the interosseous membrane medially, which attaches to the tibia and fibula. [2] The tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle (sometimes called the posterior tibial tendon) descends posterior to the medial malleolus. [2]
The three former options for TTS detect and locate, while the latter is a form of treatment to decompress tibial nerve pressure. [24] Since surgery is the most common form of TTS treatment, high financial burden is placed upon those diagnosed with the rare syndrome.
Accessory navicular bone may cause a continuous stretch and stress on the tibialis posterior tendon which can progress to chronic disabling pain and may cause tendon rupture or secondary flat foot deformity; when this occurs this condition is commonly known as accessory navicular syndrome. [4]
Foot drop can be managed with ankle-foot orthoses or surgical tendon transfer, [8] in which the tibialis posterior muscle is repurposed to function as a tibialis anterior muscle. In select types of distal myopathy, evaluation of the heart may be indicated. [8] Scoliosis and contractures can be surgically managed. [8]
More rarely, excessive physical activity and other forms of foot trauma/chronic ankle injury are thought to be the cause. [ 1 ] [ 6 ] In the case of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction causing flatfoot , sinus tarsi syndrome can also develop due to the disruption in the entire structure of the foot.
Injury to the artery behind the knee, compartment syndrome [3] [4] Types: Anterior, posterior, lateral, medial, rotatory [4] Causes: Trauma [3] Diagnostic method: Based on history of the injury and physical examination, supported by medical imaging [5] [2] Differential diagnosis: Femur fracture, tibial fracture, patellar dislocation, ACL tear ...
Tendon transfer surgery is necessary when a certain muscle function is lost because of a nerve injury. If a nerve is injured and cannot be repaired, then the nerve no longer sends signals to certain muscles. Those muscles are paralyzed and their muscle function is lost. Tendon transfer surgery can be used to attempt to replace that function.
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