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Those with Cobb angle of more than 60° usually have respiratory complications. [7] Scoliosis cases with Cobb angles between 40 and 50 degrees at skeletal maturity progress at an average of 10 to 15 degrees during a normal lifetime. Cobb angles of more than 50 degrees at skeletal maturity progress at about 1 to 2 degrees per year. [8]
Scoliosis is defined as a three-dimensional deviation in the axis of a person's spine. [46] [7] Most instances, including the Scoliosis Research Society, define scoliosis as a Cobb angle of more than 10° to the right or left as the examiner faces the person, i.e. in the coronal plane. [86]
His studies of thousands of patients showed that only 10% of patients with scoliosis require such surgery. To obtain an accurate and consistent assessment of the severity of spinal deformity, so as to avoid unnecessary surgery, Cobb developed a simple and reliable method for measuring the angle of curvature which has become known as the Cobb angle.
Treatment for severe cases of AIS (more than 40° Cobb angle) consists of corrective surgery usually involving bone grafts and the insertion of proper spinal instrumentation into the spine. [45] [10] These treatments typically do not have high post-surgical complication rates. [50] Scoliosis bracing treatment
The management of scoliosis is complex and is determined primarily by the type of scoliosis encountered: syndromic, congenital, neuromuscular, or idiopathic. [1] Treatment options for idiopathic scoliosis are determined in part by the severity of the curvature and skeletal maturity , which together help predict the likelihood of progression.
Cobb angle measurement of a scoliosis; concave side on the left; convex side on the right Vertebra and curves of the vertebral column. Cobb angle is a common measure to classify scoliosis. The greater the angle, the more serious is the disease but the smaller is the number of patients.
Cobb Angle - (3 x Risser Sign) Progression Factor = ──────────────────────────────── Chronological Age From: Lonstein JE, Carlson JM (1984). "The prediction of curve progression in untreated idiopathic scoliosis during growth".
Kyphosis can be graded in severity by the Cobb angle. Also, sagittal balance can be measured. The sagittal balance is the horizontal distance between the center of C7 and the superior-posterior border of the endplate of S1 on a lateral radiograph. [15]
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