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The conversion of ethanol to ethylene is a fundamental example: [3] [4] CH 3 CH 2 OH → H 2 C=CH 2 + H 2 O. The reaction is accelerated by acid catalysts such as sulfuric acid and certain zeolites. These reactions often proceed via carbocation intermediates as shown for the dehydration of cyclohexanol. [5] Some alcohols are prone to dehydration.
Condensation reactions likely played major roles in the synthesis of the first biotic molecules including early peptides and nucleic acids. In fact, condensation reactions would be required at multiple steps in RNA oligomerization: the condensation of nucleobases and sugars, nucleoside phosphorylation, and nucleotide polymerization. [6]
Because of the removal of the water molecule from the product, the term of convenience for such a process is "dehydration reaction" (also "condensation reaction" or "dehydration synthesis"). For example, milk sugar (lactose) is a disaccharide made by condensation of one molecule of each of the monosaccharides glucose and galactose, whereas the ...
Acid–base-catalysed hydrolyses are very common; one example is the hydrolysis of amides or esters. Their hydrolysis occurs when the nucleophile (a nucleus-seeking agent, e.g., water or hydroxyl ion) attacks the carbon of the carbonyl group of the ester or amide. In an aqueous base, hydroxyl ions are better nucleophiles than polar molecules ...
The simplest example is ... followed by oxidation and hydrolysis. [25] An idealized synthesis of 1 ... a diagram of acid catalyzed dehydration of ethanol ...
Peptide bond formation via dehydration reaction. When two amino acids form a dipeptide through a peptide bond, [1] it is a type of condensation reaction. [2] In this kind of condensation, two amino acids approach each other, with the non-side chain (C1) carboxylic acid moiety of one coming near the non-side chain (N2) amino moiety of the other.
President-elect Trump has assembled his Cabinet, and senior staff positions are filling up for his second term in the White House before taking office in January. Trump has nominated leaders for ...
Dehydration may be accompanied by decarboxylation when an activated carboxyl group is present. The aldol addition product can be dehydrated via two mechanisms; a strong base like potassium t -butoxide , potassium hydroxide or sodium hydride deprotonates the product to an enolate , which eliminates via the E1cB mechanism , [ 9 ] [ 10 ] while ...