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Sir James Chadwick (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935 for his discovery of the neutron. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report , which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atom bomb research efforts.
James Chadwick at the 1933 Solvay Conference. Chadwick had discovered the neutron the year before while working at Cavendish Laboratory. The discovery of the neutron and its properties was central to the extraordinary developments in atomic physics in the first half of the 20th century.
In the decade after the neutron was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932, neutrons were used to induce many different types of nuclear transmutations. With the discovery of nuclear fission in 1938, it was quickly realized that, if a fission event produced neutrons, each of these neutrons might cause further fission events, in a cascade known as ...
Then physicists discovered that these particles had an internal structure of their own and therefore perhaps did not deserve to be called "atoms", but renaming atoms would have been impractical by that point. Atomic theory is one of the most important scientific developments in history, crucial to all the physical sciences.
The neutron was discovered by James Chadwick at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge in February 1932. [1] [2] Two months later, his Cavendish colleagues John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton split lithium atoms with accelerated protons.
The discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932, [2] followed by the discovery of nuclear fission by chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann in 1938, [3] [4] and its explanation (and naming) by physicists Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch soon after, [5] [6] opened up the possibility of a controlled nuclear chain reaction using uranium.
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The same year, Rutherford's doctoral student James Chadwick discovered the neutron. [3] Experiments bombarding materials with neutrons led Frédéric and Irène Joliot-Curie to discover induced radioactivity in 1934, which allowed the creation of radium-like elements. [4]