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DNA replication: The double helix is ... a necessary component of translation, ... Conflicts between replication and transcription;
This directionality is because RNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing mRNA chain. This use of only the 3' → 5' DNA strand eliminates the need for the Okazaki fragments that are seen in DNA replication. [2] This also removes the need for an RNA primer to initiate RNA synthesis, as is the case in DNA replication.
Transcription is the process by which the information contained in a section of DNA is replicated in the form of a newly assembled piece of messenger RNA (mRNA). Enzymes facilitating the process include RNA polymerase and transcription factors. In eukaryotic cells the primary transcript is pre-mRNA. Pre-mRNA must be processed for translation to ...
The transcription-translation process description, mentioning only the most basic "elementary" processes, consists of: production of mRNA molecules (including splicing), initiation of these molecules with help of initiation factors (e.g., the initiation can include the circularization step though it is not universally required),
Transcription initiation sites generally occur on both strands of an organism's DNA, and specify the location, direction, and circumstances under which transcription will occur. If the transcript encodes one or (rarely) more proteins , translation of each protein by the ribosome will proceed in a 5′-to-3′ direction, and will extend the ...
A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus that separates the processes of transcription and translation. Eukaryotic transcription occurs within the nucleus where DNA is packaged into nucleosomes and higher order chromatin structures. The complexity of the eukaryotic genome necessitates a great variety and complexity of gene expression control.
A distinct group of DNA-binding proteins is the DNA-binding proteins that specifically bind single-stranded DNA. In humans, replication protein A is the best-understood member of this family and is used in processes where the double helix is separated, including DNA replication, recombination, and DNA repair. [123]
Overview of transcription process. Termination of transcription occurs due to termination signal. In molecular biology, a termination signal is a sequence that signals the end of transcription or translation. [1] Termination signals are found at the end of the part of the chromosome being transcribed during transcription of mRNA.