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IEEE 802.3's "2.5G/5GBASE-T Task Force" started working on the 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T standards in March 2015. [17] The two NBASE-T and MGBASE-T Alliances ended up collaborating. [18] with the forming of the IEEE 802.3bz Task Force under the patronage of the Ethernet Alliance in June 2015.
5GBASE-T: 100 m of Cat 6 2.5GBASE-T1: 802.3ch-2020 (149) use a single, bi-directional twisted pair in full duplex mode only, intended for automotive and industrial applications 5GBASE-T1 Fiber-optical cable 2.5GBASE-AU: 802.3cz-2023 (166) undefined: up to 40 m of OM3 for automotive 5GBASE-AU: up to 40 m of OM3 for automotive Other 2.5GBASE-KX
A 10BASE-T transmitter sends two differential voltages, +2.5 V or −2.5 V. A 100BASE-TX transmitter sends three differential voltages, +1 V, 0 V, or −1 V. [ 15 ] Unlike earlier Ethernet standards using broadband and coaxial cable , such as 10BASE5 (thicknet) and 10BASE2 (thinnet), 10BASE-T does not specify the exact type of wiring to be used ...
(802.3aa) A revision of base standard incorporating the above amendments and errata 802.3ab: 1999-06 1000BASE-T Gbit/s Ethernet over twisted pair at 1 Gbit/s (125 MB/s) 802.3ac: 1998-09 Max frame size extended to 1522 bytes (to allow "Q-tag") The Q-tag includes 802.1Q VLAN information and 802.1p priority information. 802.3ad: 2000-03
The most popular variant, 1000BASE-T, is defined by the IEEE 802.3ab standard. It came into use in 1999, and has replaced Fast Ethernet in wired local networks due to its considerable speed improvement over Fast Ethernet, as well as its use of cables and equipment that are widely available, economical, and similar to previous standards.
The physical coding sublayer (PCS) is a networking protocol sublayer in the Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet standards. It resides at the top of the physical layer (PHY), and provides an interface between the physical medium attachment (PMA) sublayer and the media-independent interface (MII).
5G is a major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the 4G/IMT Advanced standards. NGMN Alliance or Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance define 5G network requirements as: Data rates of several tens of megabits per second (Mbit/s) should be supported for tens of thousands of users.
In 4G systems, the circuit-switched infrastructure is abandoned and only a packet-switched network is provided, while 2.5G and 3G systems require both packet-switched and circuit-switched network nodes, i.e. two infrastructures in parallel. This means that in 4G traditional voice calls are replaced by IP telephony.