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The treatment options for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, given there is no current cure, are: [4] Medications for hypertension; Medications and/or surgery for pain; Antibiotics for infection; Dialysis (if kidney failure is present) Kidney transplantation(in serious cases)
Fibrocystin is a large, receptor-like protein that is thought to be involved in the tubulogenesis and/or maintenance of duct-lumen architecture of epithelium. [5] FPC associates with the primary cilia of epithelial cells and co-localizes with the Pkd2 gene product polycystin-2 (PC2), suggesting that these two proteins may function in a common molecular pathway.
PKD is caused by abnormal genes which produce a specific abnormal protein which has an adverse effect on tubule development. PKD is a general term for two types, each having their own pathology and genetic cause: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). [10] [11]
Cystic kidney disease includes various conditions related to the formation of cysts in one or both kidneys. The most common subset is polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which is a genetic anomaly with two subsets, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
Polycystin 1 (PC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD1 gene. [5] [6] Mutations of PKD1 are associated with most cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, a severe hereditary disorder of the kidneys characterised by the development of renal cysts and severe kidney dysfunction. [7]
Human polycystin 1 is a huge protein of 4303 amino acyl residues (aas). Its repeated leucine-rich (LRR) segment is found in many proteins. According to the UniProt description, polycystin 1 contains 16 polycystic kidney disease (PKD) domains, one LDL-receptor class A domain, one C-type lectin family domain, and 16-18 putative TMSs in positions between residues 2200 and 4100. [2]
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common, life-threatening inherited human disorders and the most common hereditary kidney disease. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is associated with large interfamilial and intrafamilial variability, which can be explained to a large extent by its genetic heterogeneity and modifier genes ...
Polycystin-1 is a large cell-surface glycoprotein involved in adhesive protein–protein and protein–carbohydrate interactions; however it is not clear if the PKD domain mediates any of these interactions. PKD domains are also found in other proteins, usually in the extracellular parts of proteins involved in interactions with other proteins.