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2. Party-list system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party-list_system

   A party-list system is a type of electoral system that formally involves political parties in the electoral process, usually to facilitate multi-winner elections.In party-list systems, parties put forward a list of candidates, the party-list who stand for election on one ticket.

3. Party-list proportional representation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party-list_proportional...

   Poster for the European Parliament election 2004 in Italy, showing party lists. Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats roughly proportional to their share of the vote.

4. Party-list representation in the House of Representatives of ...

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party-list_representation...

   The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines created the party-list system. Originally, the party-list was open to underrepresented community sectors or groups, including labor, peasant, urban poor, indigenous cultural, women, youth, and other such sectors as may be defined by law (except the religious sector).

5. Open list - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_list

   Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected. . This is as opposed to closed list, in which party lists are in a predetermined, fixed order by the time of the election and gives the general voter no influence at all on the position of the candidates placed on the party l

6. Closed list - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_list

   In closed list systems, each political party has pre-decided who will receive the seats allocated to that party in the elections, [1] so that the candidates positioned highest on this list tend to always get a seat in the parliament while the candidates positioned very low on the closed list will not. However, the candidates "at the water mark ...

7. List of political parties in the United States - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties...

   This is a list of political parties in the United States, both past and present. The list does not include independents . Not all states allow the public to access voter registration data.

8. Mixed-member proportional representation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional...

   Bavaria uniquely uses an open-list system for its party-list seats. Baden-Württemberg used MMP without lists prior to 2022. Lesotho: National Assembly: 2002–present Two votes (before 2012) Initially used two vote version, changed to the single vote version in 2012 due to the use of decoy lists, results have been relatively proportional since.

9. Counting single transferable votes - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting_single...

   A party-list proportional representation electoral system allocates a share of the seats in a legislature to a political party in proportion to its share of the votes, a task which is mathematically equivalent to establishing a share of surplus votes to be transferred to a hopeful candidate based on the overall vote for an eliminated candidate.