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The eastern end of the Sierra Madre del Sur, in southern Oaxaca, is known as the Sierra Miahuatlán. It extends east–west for about 180 km parallel to the Pacific coast, with broad areas over 1,500 metres elevation, including Cerro Nube. It is bounded on the east and northeast by the valley of the Tehuantepec River and on the north by the ...
The Sierra Madre del Sur pine–oak forests occupy an area of 61,200 square kilometers (23,600 sq mi), within the states of Michoacán, Guerrero, and Oaxaca. The pine–oak forests occupy the higher slopes of the Sierra Madre del Sur range, which runs east and west parallel to Mexico's southern Pacific Coast.
Omiltemi Ecological State Park is located in the Sierra Madre del Sur, 15 km west of Chilpancingo. [1] The topography is rugged, with steep slopes and deep gorges. Elevations range from 1800 to 2800 meters. [1]
Pines and oaks coexist in the Nealtican Malpaís (Tianguismanalco, Puebla). The Madrean pine–oak woodlands are found at higher elevations in Mexico's major mountain ranges, the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Sierra Madre Oriental, the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, the Sierra Madre del Sur, the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, the Peninsular Ranges of the Baja California Peninsula.
It also has lowland tropical rainforests, tropical dry forests, Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests and Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests, and Chimalapas montane forests. The forest is also home to 300 species of native orchids, representing 27% of known Mexican orchid species and 60% of recorded Mexican orchid genera. [3]
The 139,577 hectares (538.91 sq mi) reserve is located in the transition of the Nearctic and Neotropical realms and encompasses parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur, with a wide range of altitudes, climates and soils. The effects of tectonic and volcanic activities and erosion are notable within the reserve.
This section of the Sierra Madre del Sur is made of rock, mostly limestone, that was formed under oceans millions of years ago. The caverns extend through the municipalities of Pilcaya, Tetipac and Taxco in Guerrero, and extend into the municipality of Coatlán del Río in the state of Morelos. [4]
Sierra de la Laguna pine–oak forests: Baja California Sur: Neotropical: Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests: Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine–oak forests: Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz: Neotropical: Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests: Sierra Madre del Sur pine–oak forests: Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla: Neotropical