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Thomas Aquinas OP (/ ə ˈ k w aɪ n ə s / ⓘ ə-KWY-nəs; Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, lit. 'Thomas of Aquino '; c. 1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian [ 6 ] Dominican friar and priest , the foremost Scholastic thinker, [ 7 ] as well one of the most influential philosophers and theologians in the Western tradition. [ 8 ]
The critical edition of Aquinas's works is the ongoing edition commissioned by Pope Leo XIII (1882-1903), the so-called Leonine Edition. Abbé Migne published an edition of the Summa Theologiae, in four volumes, as an appendix to his Patrologiae Cursus Completus. English editions: Joseph Rickaby (London, 1872), J. M. Ashley (London, 1888).
In his treatise, Aquinas "demonstrated that there was a theological harmony between the Greek Church Fathers and the Latin Church". [5] He pointed out that one source of misunderstandings between Greeks and Latins was the difficulty of finding appropriate words in each language with which to translate technical theological terms used in the other:
Aquinas presents an Augustinian view of teaching being divided into "interior" and "exterior" processes; that is modified by Aristotelian ideas. [22] The former process is inventio , a means of teaching that is reserved to God, the principal teacher, a process of "natural reason [arriving] by itself at the knowledge of things previously unknown ...
Aquinas breaks the question down into four articles. The first article is on law's relation to reason. Aquinas believes that reason is the first thing human acts upon; “the source in any kind of thing is the measure and rule of that kind of thing…and so we conclude that law belongs to reason.” The second is on law's relation to the common ...
The remains of Thomas Aquinas are buried in the Church of the Jacobins in Toulouse. The canonization of Thomas Aquinas was commemorated on two occasions. The first ceremony took place on 14 July 1323 at the Palais des Papes in Avignon and was attended by members of the royal family led by Robert, King of Naples, and his wife, Sancia of Majorca.
Aquinas also states, in the Summa Theologica: "a sacrament is nothing else than a sanctification conferred on man with some outward sign. Wherefore, since by receiving orders a consecration is conferred on man by visible signs, it is clear that Order is a sacrament."
The Thomas Aquinas Dictionary is a collection of quotations by medieval philosopher and theologian Thomas Aquinas, indexed by keywords contained within the quotations. Most of the quotations are taken from the Summa Theologica , with additional material from the Summa contra Gentiles .