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In the philosophy of economics, economics is often divided into positive (or descriptive) and normative (or prescriptive) economics.Positive economics focuses on the description, quantification and explanation of economic phenomena, [1] while normative economics discusses prescriptions for what actions individuals or societies should or should not take.
Example of a normal good: As income increases from B1 to B3, the outward movement of utility curve I dictates that the quantity of good X 1 increases in tandem. Therefore, X 1 is a normal good. Put another way, the positively sloped income consumption curve demonstrates that X 1 is normal.
The MP curve displays a positive relationship, upward-sloping curve, where the real interest rate is located on the vertical axis and inflation rate on the horizontal axis. Shifts on the MP curve are produced by actions of the Federal Reserve .
A supply is a good or service that producers are willing to provide. The law of supply determines the quantity of supply at a given price. [5]The law of supply and demand states that, for a given product, if the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied, then the price increases, which decreases the demand (law of demand) and increases the supply (law of supply)—and vice versa—until ...
In these macroeconomic models with sticky prices, there is a positive relation between the rate of inflation and the level of demand, and therefore a negative relation between the rate of inflation and the rate of unemployment. This relationship is often called the "New Keynesian Phillips curve".
For example, consider a consumer that wants a means of transportation, which may be either a car or a bicycle. The consumer prefers a car to a bicycle. If the consumer has both a car and a bicycle, then the consumer uses only the car. The economic theory of unit elastic demand illustrates the inverse relationship between price and quantity. [15]
The "Great Gatsby Curve" is the term given to the positive empirical relationship between cross-sectional income inequality and persistence of income across generations. [1] The scatter plot shows a correlation between income inequality in a country and intergenerational income mobility (the potential for its citizens to achieve upward mobility).
Price and total revenue have a positive relationship when demand is inelastic (price elasticity < 1), which means that when price increases, total revenue will increase too. Price and total revenue have a negative relationship when demand is elastic (price elasticity > 1), which means that increases in price will lead to decreases in total revenue.