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Photophobia is a medical symptom of abnormal intolerance to visual perception of light. [1] As a medical symptom, photophobia is not a morbid fear or phobia, but an experience of discomfort or pain to the eyes due to light exposure or by presence of actual physical sensitivity of the eyes, [2] though the term is sometimes additionally applied to abnormal or irrational fear of light, such as ...
Intensity of light (photophobia, sunburn, skin cancer) [1] [2] [3] Wavelength of light (in lupus, urticaria) Rapid flickers in intensity of light may trigger or aggravate photosensitive epilepsy, epileptic seizure, or migraine headaches. [4] Conditions that may include sensitivity to light include vertigo and chronic fatigue syndrome.
The visual system becomes more sensitive to light and can amplify noise or minor changes in visual signals. For example to the work of different types of photoreceptors in the retina of the eye. In the dark, the rod photoreceptors, which are responsible for the perception of light in low light, are mainly activated, but they are not able to ...
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The various cone cells are maximally sensitive to either short wavelengths (blue light), medium wavelengths (green light), or long wavelengths (red light). Rod photoreceptors only contain one type of photopigment, rhodopsin, which has a peak sensitivity at a wavelength of approximately 500 nanometers which corresponds to blue-green light. [ 6 ]
Astigmatism, a disorder that affects how the eyes focus light, can be exacerbated at night. Blurry vision and headaches are symptoms of astigmatism. Why astigmatism causes blurry vision ...
Night blindness may exist from birth, or be caused by injury or malnutrition (for example, vitamin A deficiency). It can be described as insufficient adaptation to darkness. The most common cause of nyctalopia is retinitis pigmentosa, a disorder in which the rod cells in the retina gradually lose their ability to respond to the light. Patients ...
A rod cell is sensitive enough to respond to a single photon of light [11] and is about 100 times more sensitive to a single photon than cones. Since rods require less light to function than cones, they are the primary source of visual information at night (scotopic vision). Cone cells, on the other hand, require tens to hundreds of photons to ...