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  2. Ecocentrism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecocentrism

    Ecocentrism (/ ˌ ɛ k oʊ ˈ s ɛ n t r ɪ z əm /; from Greek: οἶκος oikos, 'house' and κέντρον kentron, 'center') is a term used by environmental philosophers and ecologists to denote a nature-centered, as opposed to human-centered (i.e., anthropocentric), system of values.

  3. Environmental philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_philosophy

    A major debate arose in the 1970s and 80s was that of whether nature has intrinsic value in itself independent of human values or whether its value is merely instrumental, with ecocentric or deep ecology approaches emerging on the one hand versus consequentialist or pragmatist anthropocentric approaches on the other. [5]

  4. Anthropocentrism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocentrism

    Anthropocentrism (/ ˌ æ n θ r oʊ p oʊ ˈ s ɛ n t r ɪ z əm /; [1] from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos) 'human' and κέντρον (kéntron) 'center') is the belief that human beings are the central or most important entity on the planet. [2]

  5. Total human ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_Human_Ecosystem

    The interaction and co-evolution of the human and natural ecosystem interactions are the driving forces for the current Earth system.The total human ecosystem meta-conceptional approach aims to integrate the bio-and geo-centric approaches, derived from the natural sciences, and the approaches derived from the social sciences and the humanities in order to prevent further environmental ...

  6. Environmental ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_ethics

    A strong anthropocentric ethic argues that humans are at the center of reality and it is right for them to be so. Weak anthropocentrism, however, argues that reality can only be interpreted from a human point of view, thus humans have to be at the centre of reality as they see it.

  7. Philosophy of ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_ecology

    Plant growth on the exterior of a dilapidated wall. Philosophy of ecology is a concept under the philosophy of science, which is a subfield of philosophy.Its main concerns centre on the practice and application of ecology, its moral issues, and the intersectionality between the position of humans and other entities. [1]

  8. Deep ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_ecology

    First, because deep ecologists believe that environmental movements must shift from an anthropocentric to an ecocentric approach, they fail to recognize the two most fundamental ecological crises facing the world: overconsumption in the global north and increasing militarization. Second, deep ecology's emphasis on wilderness provides impetus ...

  9. Land ethic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_ethic

    Leopold's ecocentric land ethic is popular today with mainstream environmentalists for a number of reasons. Unlike more radical environmental approaches, such as deep ecology or biocentrism, it does not require huge sacrifices of human interests. Leopold does not, for example, believe that humans should stop eating or hunting, or experimenting ...