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Most of erythromycin is metabolised by demethylation in the liver by the hepatic enzyme CYP3A4. Its main elimination route is in the bile with little renal excretion, 2%–15% unchanged drug. Erythromycin's elimination half-life ranges between 1.5 and 2.0 hours and is between 5 and 6 hours in patients with end-stage renal disease. Erythromycin ...
For example, antibiotics that kill gut bacteria often reduce enterohepatic drug circulation and this requires a temporary increase of the drug's dose until the antibiotic use is discontinued and the gut repopulates with bacteria. This effect of antibiotics on enterohepatic circulation of other drugs is one of several types of drug interactions.
1576 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000160868 n/a UniProt P08684 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001202855 NM_001202856 NM_001202857 NM_017460 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_001189784 NP_059488 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 99.76 – 99.78 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) (EC 1.14.13.97) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine ...
The erythromycin breath test has numerous clinical applications, particularly in transplantation and pharmacology. It is frequently used to evaluate the activity of the CYP3A4 enzyme, which is critical in the metabolism of medications such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus in liver transplant patients.
Macrolides, mainly erythromycin and clarithromycin, also have a class effect of QT prolongation, which can lead to torsades de pointes. Macrolides exhibit enterohepatic recycling; that is, the drug is absorbed in the gut and sent to the liver, only to be excreted into the duodenum in bile from the liver. This can lead to a buildup of the ...
A group of enzymes located in the endoplasmic reticulum, known as cytochrome P-450, is the most important family of metabolizing enzymes in the liver. Cytochrome P-450 is not a single enzyme, but rather consists of a closely related family of 50 isoforms; six of them metabolize 90% of drugs.
Other forms of antibiotic-associated harm include anaphylaxis, drug toxicity most notably kidney and liver damage, and super-infections with resistant organisms. Antibiotics are also known to affect mitochondrial function, [ 125 ] and this may contribute to the bioenergetic failure of immune cells seen in sepsis . [ 126 ]
Produces toxic free radicals that disrupt DNA and proteins. This non-specific mechanism is responsible for its activity against a variety of bacteria, amoebae, and protozoa. Mupirocin: Bactroban: Ointment for impetigo, cream for infected cuts: Inhibits isoleucine t-RNA synthetase (IleRS) causing inhibition of protein synthesis Platensimycin