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The Bhimbetka rock shelters are an archaeological site in central India that spans the Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods, as well as the historic period. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It exhibits the earliest traces of human life in India and evidence of the Stone Age starting at the site in Acheulian times.
Wakankar is credited with the discovery of the Bhimbetka rock caves in 1957 and the Kayatha culture in 1964, among others. [2] [3] In 2003, UNESCO inscribed the Bhimbetka rock caves as a World Heritage Site. The Bhimbetka rock caves exhibit one of the earliest traces of human life in India.
The Bhimbetka caves show evidence of paleolithic settlements in present-day Madhya Pradesh. [1] Stone Age tools have also been discovered at various places along the Narmada river valley. [ 2 ] Rock shelters with cave paintings , the earliest of which can be dated to 30,000 BCE, have also been discovered at a number of places. [ 3 ]
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The pre-historic paintings were generally executed on rocks and these rock engravings were called petroglyphs.These paintings generally depict animals like bison, bear, tigers etc. [11] The oldest Indian paintings are rock art in caves which are around 30,000 years old, such as the Bhimbetka cave paintings.
The sanctuary in all Indian religious structures, even free-standing ones, was designed to have the same cave-like feeling, as it is generally small and dark, without natural light. [5] The oldest rock-cut architecture is found in the Barabar caves , Bihar , which were built around the 3rd century BC.
Summary Description 1 of the rock shelter caves at Bhimbetka, Madhya Pradesh.jpg Bhimbetka rock shelters and caves are a UNESCO world heritage site consisting of over 750 caves and shelters over 10 kilometers and 7 hills. the archaeological site dates between 100,000 to 1,700 CE, with cave paintings that are estimated to about 30,000 years ago.
Rock shelters form because a rock stratum such as sandstone that is resistant to erosion and weathering has formed a cliff or bluff, but a softer stratum, more subject to erosion and weathering, lies just below the resistant stratum, and thus undercuts the cliff.