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Restorative practices (or RP) is a social science field concerned with improving and repairing relationships and social connections among people. [1] Whereas a zero tolerance social mediation system prioritizes punishment, RP privileges the repair of harm and dialogue among actors. [2]
The use of restorative justice in schools began in the early 1990s with initiatives in Australia. Restorative justice models are used globally and have recently been introduced to school disciplinary policies in the US as an alternative approach to current punitive models, such as zero tolerance. [18]
Restorative practices can "also include preventive measures designed to build skills and capacity in students as well as adults." Some examples of preventative measures in restorative practices might include teachers and students devising classroom expectations together or setting up community building in the classroom.
Positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS) is a set of ideas and tools used in schools to improve students' behavior.PBIS uses evidence and data-based programs, practices, and strategies to frame behavioral improvement relating to student growth in academic performance, safety, behavior, and establishing and maintaining positive school culture.
Restorative justice is an approach to justice that aims to repair the harm done to victims. [1] [2] In doing so, practitioners work to ensure that offenders take responsibility for their actions, to understand the harm they have caused, to give them an opportunity to redeem themselves, and to discourage them from causing further harm.
The study and practice of the punishment of crimes, particularly as it applies to imprisonment, is called penology, or, often in modern texts, corrections; in this context, the punishment process is euphemistically called "correctional process". [16] Research into punishment often includes similar research into prevention.
Many anarchist organizations believe that the best form of justice arises naturally out of social contracts, restorative justice, or transformative justice.. Anarchist opposition to incarceration can be found in articles written as early as 1851, [14] and is elucidated by major anarchist thinkers such as Proudhon, [15] Bakunin, [16] Berkman, [15] Goldman, [15] Malatesta, [15] Bonano, [17] and ...
The youth control complex is a theory developed by Chicano scholar Victor M. Rios to describe what he refers to as the overwhelming system of criminalization that is shaped by the systematic punishment that is applied by institutions of social control against boys of color in the United States.