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The bladder also contains β 3 adrenergic receptors, and pharmacological agonists of this receptor are used to treat overactive bladder. The mucosa of the urinary bladder may herniate through the detrusor muscle. [6] This is most often an acquired condition due to high pressure in the urinary bladder, damage, or existing connective tissue ...
The internal urethral sphincter is a urethral sphincter muscle which constricts the internal urethral orifice.It is located at the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder and is continuous with the detrusor muscle, [1] [2] but anatomically and functionally fully independent from it. [3]
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction, often called by the shortened term neurogenic bladder, refers to urinary bladder problems due to disease or injury of the central nervous system or peripheral nerves involved in the control of urination. [1] [2] There are multiple types of neurogenic bladder depending on the underlying cause and the symptoms.
The vagus nerve stimulus causes slowing down of the heart (bradycardia) and a drop in blood pressure. The heart cannot perform effectively as a pump because insufficient blood comes to it. It can be associated with a very rare tumour known as a paraprostatic pheochromocytoma within the urinary bladder. [1]
The nerves composing it are numerous, and contain a large proportion of spinal nerve fibers. They accompany the vesicle arteries , and are distributed to the sides and fundus of the bladder . Numerous filaments also pass to the seminal vesicles and vas deferens ; those accompanying the vas deferens join, on the spermatic cord , with branches ...
The arteries that supply the ureters end in a network of vessels within the adventitia of the ureters. [1] There are many connections (anastamoses) between the arteries of the ureter, [2] particularly in the adventitia, [5] which means damage to a single vessel does not compromise the blood supply of the ureter.
The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra.The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH.
The superior vesical artery supplies blood to the upper part of the bladder. The lower part of the bladder is supplied by the inferior vesical artery, both of which are branches of the internal iliac arteries. [11] In females, the uterine and vaginal arteries provide additional blood supply. [11]