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In mathematics, a dual system, dual pair or a duality over a field is a triple (,,) consisting of two vector spaces, and , over and a non-degenerate bilinear map:. In mathematics , duality is the study of dual systems and is important in functional analysis .
The dual systems model, also known as the maturational imbalance model, [1] is a theory arising from developmental cognitive neuroscience which posits that increased risk-taking during adolescence is a result of a combination of heightened reward sensitivity and immature impulse control.
Dual-process theorists claim that System 2, a general purpose reasoning system, evolved late and worked alongside the older autonomous sub-systems of System 1. [53] The success of Homo sapiens lends evidence to their higher cognitive abilities above other hominids.
In algebra, the dual numbers are a hypercomplex number system first introduced in the 19th century. They are expressions of the form a + bε , where a and b are real numbers , and ε is a symbol taken to satisfy ε 2 = 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon ^{2}=0} with ε ≠ 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon \neq 0} .
Dual control theory is a branch of control theory that deals with the control of systems whose characteristics are initially unknown. [1] [2] It is called dual because in controlling such a system the controller's objectives are twofold: (1) Action: To control the system as well as possible based on current system knowledge
Dual process theory within moral psychology is an influential theory of human moral judgement that posits that human beings possess two distinct cognitive subsystems that compete in moral reasoning processes: one fast, intuitive and emotionally-driven, the other slow, requiring conscious deliberation and a higher cognitive load.
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Dual phase evolution (DPE) is a process that drives self-organization within complex adaptive systems. [1] It arises in response to phase changes within the network of connections formed by a system's components. DPE occurs in a wide range of physical, biological and social systems.