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The curve is usually S- or C-shaped over three dimensions. [2] [7] In some, the degree of curve is stable, while in others, it increases over time. [3] Mild scoliosis does not typically cause problems, but more severe cases can affect breathing and movement. [3] [8] Pain is usually present in adults, and can worsen with age. [9]
It is a common postural position in which the natural curve of the lumbar region of the back is slightly or dramatically accentuated. Commonly known as swayback, it is common in dancers. [8] Imbalances in muscle strength and length are one cause of this excessive stress to the lower back, such as weak hamstrings and tight hip flexors (psoai).
In medicine and occupations concerned with physical fitness, the concept of good posture is referred to as "neutral spine". [7] In this context, proper posture or "neutral spine", is the proper alignment of the body between postural extremes. Deviations from neutral alignment are identified as excessive curvature or reduction in curvature.
The upper cervical spine has a curve, convex forward, that begins at the axis (second cervical vertebra) at the apex of the odontoid process or dens and ends at the middle of the second thoracic vertebra; it is the least marked of all the curves. This inward curve is known as a lordotic curve. A thoracic spine X-ray of a 57-year-old male.
There are many recognized spinal diseases, some more common than others. Spinal disease also includes cervical spine diseases, which are diseases in the vertebrae of the neck. A lot of flexibility exists within the cervical spine and because of that, it is common for an individual to damage that area, especially over a long period of time.
The erector spinae (/ ɪ ˈ r ɛ k t ər ˈ s p aɪ n i / irr-EK-tər SPY-nee) [1] or spinal erectors is a set of muscles that straighten and rotate the back.The spinal erectors work together with the glutes (gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus) to maintain stable posture standing or sitting.
This condition can lead to excess pressure on the spine, causing pain and discomfort. [5] If the spine is bent too far, a patient may have difficulties breathing because of the pressure of the spine pressed against the lungs. Camptocormia may also lead to muscle weakness in the upper back and to arthritis and other bone-degeneration diseases. [5]
The management of scoliosis is complex and is determined primarily by the type of scoliosis encountered: syndromic, congenital, neuromuscular, or idiopathic. [1] Treatment options for idiopathic scoliosis are determined in part by the severity of the curvature and skeletal maturity, which together help predict the likelihood of progression.
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