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2. Figure–ground (perception) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure–ground_(perception)

   Figure–ground organization is a type of perceptual grouping that is a vital necessity for recognizing objects through vision. In Gestalt psychology it is known as identifying a figure from the background. For example, black words on a printed paper are seen as the "figure", and the white sheet as the "background". [1]

3. Figure-ground (cartography) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure-ground_(cartography)

   The figure is formed by a contour or outline (as opposed to an isometric contour line), the common boundary between the figure and ground, usually through a brightness contrast. [6] If a figure is not separated entirely from the ground, a simple black contour line can be drawn around the figure enclosing it and thus differentiating it from the ...

4. Biological interaction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_interaction

   The black walnut secretes a chemical from its roots that harms neighboring plants, an example of competitive antagonism.. In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other.

5. Figure and ground (media) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_and_ground_(media)

   McLuhan used different words to describe the figure/ground relationship, sometimes using content for figure and environment or, more often, medium for ground. [2] "McLuhan looked at media through a figure/ground relationship." [1] To him, people tended to focus on only specific parts of the media, and disregard other parts. "To examine the ...

6. Figure-ground diagram - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure-ground_diagram

   The figure-ground theory of urban design and urban morphology is based upon the use of figure ground studies. It relates the amount of "figure" to the amount of "ground" in a figure-ground diagram, and approaches urban design as a manipulation of that relationship, as well as being a manipulation of the geometric shapes within the diagram.

7. Patterns in nature - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patterns_in_nature

   For example, when leaves alternate up a stem, one rotation of the spiral touches two leaves, so the pattern or ratio is 1/2. In hazel the ratio is 1/3; in apricot it is 2/5; in pear it is 3/8; in almond it is 5/13. [56] Animal behaviour can yield spirals; for example, acorn worms leave spiral fecal trails on the sea floor. [57]