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Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Al-Husayn, who was the brother of Al-Hasan. The twelfth and final Imam is Muhammad al-Mahdi, who is believed by the Twelvers to be currently alive, and hidden in the Major Occultation until he returns to bring justice to the world. [6]
Indeed, every Shia Imam is viewed as hujjat Allah, the (highest) proof of God, through whom the inner meanings of the Quran become accessible after the death of the prophet. [7] This title is more pronounced for the twelfth Imam, however, possibly because of a related hadith from the tenth Imam, Ali al-Hadi. [7]
This imam in occultation is the twelfth imam, Muhammad, son of the eleventh imam, Hasan al-Askari. [50] According to the Twelvers, the Mahdi was born in Samarra around 868, [51] though his birth was kept hidden from the public. [31] He lived under his father's care until 874 when the latter was killed by the Abbasids. [52]
The reappearance of Muhammad al-Mahdi is the Twelver eschatological belief in the return of their Hidden Imam in the end of time to establish peace and justice on earth. For Twelvers, this would end a period of occultation that began shortly after the death of Hasan al-Askari in 260 AH (873–874 CE), the eleventh Imam.
Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Husayn Ibn Ali, who was the brother of Hasan Ibn Ali. [96] The twelfth and final Imam is Muhammad al-Mahdi, who is believed by the Twelvers to be currently alive, and in hiding. [99] The Shi'a Imams are seen as infallible.
The Imam's mother experiences light and noises before the birth of the Imam. [ citation needed ] Shias believe that just as Moses appointed Aaron as his successor on Bani-Israel, ( Hadith of position ), in accordance with God's order, Muhammad, the final prophet, appointed Ali ibn Abi Talib to be the leader of the believers.
Local belief holds that the twelfth Imam—the eschatological Mahdi in Twelver Shia—once appeared and prayed in Jamkaran. Twelver Shia is the mainstream branch of Shia Islam, accounting for 85 percent of the Shia population. [6] The Twelvers believe that their twelfth Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, is in occultation.
At the same time, some traditions emphasize that every imam is the qa'im of his own age (qa'im ahl zamanihi). [1] [20] Sachedina notes that the titles al-Qa'im has more of a political emphasis than the eschatological title al-Mahdi. [21] More specifically, the title al-Qa'im signifies the rise of the twelfth Imam against tyranny, [22] though a ...