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This is a timeline of pure and applied mathematics history.It is divided here into three stages, corresponding to stages in the development of mathematical notation: a "rhetorical" stage in which calculations are described purely by words, a "syncopated" stage in which quantities and common algebraic operations are beginning to be represented by symbolic abbreviations, and finally a "symbolic ...
5th century BC - The Zeno's paradoxes,; 5th century BC - Antiphon attempts to square the circle, 5th century BC - Democritus finds the volume of cone is 1/3 of volume of cylinder,
Timeline of computational mathematics; Timeline of calculus and mathematical analysis; Timeline of category theory and related mathematics; Chronology of ancient Greek mathematicians; Timeline of class field theory; Timeline of classical mechanics
Arthur Cayley provides a modern definition of groups. 1847: George Boole formalizes symbolic logic in The Mathematical Analysis of Logic, defining what now is called Boolean algebra. 1873: Charles Hermite proves that e is transcendental. 1878: Charles Hermite solves the general quintic equation by means of elliptic and modular functions. 1926
Mathematics and astronomy flourish during the Golden Age of India (4th to 6th centuries AD) under the Gupta Empire. Meanwhile, Greece and its colonies have entered the Roman period in the last few decades of the preceding millennium, and Greek science is negatively impacted by the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and the economic decline that ...
ca 340 – Pappus of Alexandria states his hexagon theorem and his centroid theorem 50 – Aryabhata writes the "Aryabhata-Siddhanta", which first introduces the trigonometric functions and methods of calculating their approximate numerical values.
For the most part, straightedge and compass constructions dominated ancient Greek mathematics and most theorems and results were stated and proved in terms of geometry. These proofs involved a straightedge (such as that formed by a taut rope), which was used to construct lines, and a compass, which was used to construct circles.
The "chart" concept of Poincaré, a local coordinate system, is organised into the atlas; in this setting, regularity conditions may be applied to the transition functions. [27] [28] [8] This foundational point of view allows for a pseudogroup restriction on the transition functions, for example to introduce piecewise linear structures. [29] 1932