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  2. Gliogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliogenesis

    During periods in which glial cell formation is discouraged, neural stem cells have the option to remain pluripotent or switch pathway lineages and begin forming neurons during neurogenesis. If neuron development is instructed, neurogenic factors, i.e. BMPs , [ 8 ] are present to induce expression of proneural transcription factors like ...

  3. Glia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glia

    Glial cells known as astrocytes enlarge and proliferate to form a scar and produce inhibitory molecules that inhibit regrowth of a damaged or severed axon. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), glial cells known as Schwann cells (or also as neuri-lemmocytes) promote repair. After axonal injury, Schwann cells regress to an earlier ...

  4. Brain cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_cell

    The two main types of cells in the brain are neurons, also known as nerve cells, and glial cells, also known as neuroglia. [1] There are many types of neuron, and several types of glial cell. Neurons are the excitable cells of the brain that function by communicating with other neurons and interneurons (via synapses ), in neural circuits and ...

  5. Oligodendrocyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte

    Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell, non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system.They arise during development from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), [8] which can be identified by their expression of a number of antigens, including the ganglioside GD3, [9] [10] [11] the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, and the platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor subunit (PDGF ...

  6. Schwann cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwann_cell

    Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes (named after German physiologist Theodor Schwann) are the principal glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Glial cells function to support neurons and in the PNS, also include satellite cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, enteric glia and glia that reside at sensory nerve endings, such as the Pacinian corpuscle.

  7. Enteric glia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_glia

    The enteric glial cells play a variety of roles, such as modulating nociception (pain sensation), exerting immune functions, and coordingating gastrointestinal motility. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] They are the largest glial population outside the brain, and considered "a key node of the gut-brain axis ".

  8. Gliotransmitter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliotransmitter

    Gliotransmitters are chemicals released from glial cells that facilitate neuronal communication between neurons and other glial cells. They are usually induced from Ca 2+ signaling, [1] although recent research has questioned the role of Ca 2+ in gliotransmitters and may require a revision of the relevance of gliotransmitters in neuronal signalling in general.

  9. Satellite glial cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_glial_cell

    Satellite glial cells, formerly called amphicytes, [1] are glial cells that cover the surface of neuron cell bodies in ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. Thus, they are found in sensory , sympathetic , and parasympathetic ganglia .

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