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The Japanese Occupation of Malaya and Singapore, 1941–45: A Social and Economic History (NUS Press, 2018). pp. 446. Lee, Kuan Yew. From Third World To First: The Singapore Story: 1965–2000. (2000). Leifer, Michael. Singapore's foreign policy: Coping with vulnerability (Psychology Press, 2000) online; Miksic, John N. (2013).
The Japanese have captured most of Singapore, and most of the population is crammed into the city centre. 15 February: The British surrenders and the Japanese occupation of Singapore starts. Singapore is renamed Syonan-to (Light of the South Island). Singapore change its time zone to GMT+09:00 to be the same as Japan. 18 February – 4 March
The early history of Singapore refers to its pre-colonial era before 1819, when the British East India Company led by Stamford Raffles established a trading settlement on the island and set in motion the history of modern Singapore. Prior to 1819, the island was known by several names.
The history of the Republic of Singapore began when Singapore was expelled from Malaysia and became an independent republic on 9 August 1965. [1] After the separation, the fledgling nation had to become self-sufficient, however was faced with problems including mass unemployment, housing shortages and lack of land and natural resources such as petroleum.
The period saw Singapore establish itself as an important trading port and developed into a major city with a rapid increase in population. The city remained as the capital and seat of government until British rule was suspended in February 1942, when the Imperial Japanese Army invaded Singapore during World War II.
The only comprehensive account of Singapore's history in this era is the Malay Annals. These were written and compiled during the height of the Malacca Sultanate and re-compiled in 1612 by the court of the Johor Sultanate. It is the basis for accounts of its founding, the succession of rulers and its decline.
Singapore was placed under military occupation and renamed Syonan-To (“Light of the South” in Japanese). While the war continued elsewhere, the Singapore population struggled with food and fuel shortages, disease and, at its worst, violence and harassment from the Japanese. The occupation ended only when Japan surrendered to the Allies in 1945.
[1] [8] The city of Singapore got sacked and destroyed most of the city, and the terrible massacre took place after the invasion. [6] Before the sacking took place, Parameswara, the last king of Singapura and his followers fled to the Malay Peninsula and establish a new state, Malacca Sultanate.