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The recorded history of Scotland begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in the 1st century, when the province of Britannia reached as far north as the Antonine Wall. North of this was Caledonia , inhabited by the Picti , whose uprisings forced Rome's legions back to Hadrian's Wall .
Southern border of Scotland established in the Treaty of York. 1263: Scots defeat Norwegians in the Battle of Largs. 1266: Norway cedes the Hebrides and Isle of Man to Scotland in the Treaty of Perth. 1290 Margaret, Maid of Norway dies in Orkney. 1292: Edward I of England intervenes in Scottish affairs and grants the Scottish throne to John ...
Scotland [e] is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjacent islands, principally in the archipelagos of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles.
– in Europe (light green & dark grey) – in the United Kingdom (light green) Scotland is a country which is part of the United Kingdom, having previously been an independent, sovereign country prior to the 1707 union with England.
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The fact that Hume's "History of Great Britain" was very quickly renamed "History of England" is indicative of a change of focus that happened follow the Treaty of Union (1707) with England. Thereafter, a particularly Scottish historiography languished - whether in a romanticised nostalgia for a lost identity, or in continuing religious polemics.
Scotland in the modern era, from the end of the Jacobite risings and beginnings of industrialisation in the 18th century to the present day, has played a major part in the economic, military and political history of the United Kingdom, British Empire and Europe, while recurring issues over the status of Scotland, its status and identity have dominated political debate.
1952: Bank of Scotland takes over Union Bank of Scotland, giving 453 combined branches; Murrayfield Ice Arena (built 1938–39) opens after use as army depot since outbreak of war; Cold War bunker at Barnton Quarry established at site of wartime operations room [73] 1953: First royal visit of Queen Elizabeth to Edinburgh following her coronation.