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A bipolar neuron, or bipolar cell, is a type of neuron characterized by having both an axon and a dendrite extending from the soma (cell body) in opposite directions. These neurons are predominantly found in the retina and olfactory system. [ 1 ]
Bipolar cells receive synaptic input from either rods or cones, or both rods and cones, though they are generally designated rod bipolar or cone bipolar cells. There are roughly 10 distinct forms of cone bipolar cells, however, only one rod bipolar cell, due to the rod receptor arriving later in the evolutionary history than the cone receptor ...
Midget bipolars are linked to one cone while diffuse bipolars take groups of receptors. Diffuse bipolars can take signals from up to 50 rods or can be a flat cone form and take signals from seven cones. The bipolar cells corresponds to the intermediary cells between the touch and heat receptors on the skin and the medulla or spinal cord. [1]
The inner plexiform layer is an area of the retina that is made up of a dense reticulum of fibrils formed by interlaced dendrites of retinal ganglion cells and cells of the inner nuclear layer. Within this reticulum a few branched spongioblasts are sometimes embedded.
There are also dendrodendritic synapses, signaling from one dendrite to another. [6] An autapse is a synapse in which the axon of one neuron transmits signals to its own dendrite. The general structure of the dendrite is used to classify neurons into multipolar, bipolar and unipolar types. Multipolar neurons are composed of one axon and many ...
A retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is a type of neuron located near the inner surface (the ganglion cell layer) of the retina of the eye.It receives visual information from photoreceptors via two intermediate neuron types: bipolar cells and retina amacrine cells.
Plan of retinal neurons. In the anatomy of the eye, amacrine cells are interneurons in the retina. [1] They are named from Greek a– 'non' makr– 'long' and in– 'fiber', because of their short neuronal processes. Amacrine cells are inhibitory neurons which project their dendritic arbors onto the inner plexiform layer (IPL).
A diagram of the retina of the eye. A photograph of the retina of the human eye. (د.مصطفى الجزار, License link) Morphology. AII amacrine cells are round or oval, and include dendrites which connect together to create a systematic mosaic. They have two main forms, which differ in their dendritic trees (dendritic formations).
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