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The term was invented by 19th-century art historians, especially for Romanesque architecture, which retained many basic features of Roman architectural style – most notably round-headed arches, but also barrel vaults, apses, and acanthus-leaf decoration – but had also developed many very different characteristics. In Southern France, Spain ...
Romanesque architecture [1] is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries. [2] The style eventually developed into the Gothic style with the shape of the arches providing a simple distinction: the Romanesque is characterized by semicircular arches, while the Gothic is marked by the pointed arches.
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterised by semi-circular arches. The term "Romanesque" is usually used for the period from the 10th to the 12th century with "Pre-Romanesque" and "First Romanesque" being applied to earlier buildings with Romanesque characteristics.
The first form of Pre-Romanesque in Spain and Portugal was the Visigothic art, that brought the horse-shoe arches to the latter Moorish architecture and developed jewellery. After the Moorish occupation, Pre-Romanesque art was first reduced to the Kingdom of Asturias , the only Christian realm in the area at the time which reached high levels ...
While the art failed to take root in the rest of the Iberian Peninsula until the second third of the 11th century, there are numerous examples of its presence in Catalan counties before this time. Though this style may not be considered fully Romanesque, the area contained many of the defining characteristics of this artistic style.
It is a primitive style whose characteristics are thick walls, lack of sculpture and the presence of rhythmic ornamental arches. Romanesque architecture truly arrives with the influence of Cluny through the Way of Saint James pilgrimage route that ends in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.
It spans the era from approximately 1000 CE to the rise of Gothic art and architecture in the 12th century and later. It covers Romanesque architecture, Romanesque painting, Romanesque sculpture, and metal working. It is the first "multinational" European style of art to appear after the fall of the Roman Empire.
The late Romanesque tympanum of Vézelay Abbey, Burgundy, France, 1130s. A tympanum (pl.: tympana; from Greek and Latin words meaning "drum") is the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, door or window, which is bounded by a lintel and an arch. [1] It often contains pedimental sculpture or other imagery or ...