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Despite being part of Rome, it was a free city until it came under siege by Septimius Severus between 193–196 and was partially sacked during the civil war. After it was captured by Constantine the Great in 324, it became the capital of the Roman Empire, under the name of New Rome. It later became known as Constantinople, and in the years ...
Hagia Sophia Cathedral — a symbol of Byzantine Constantinople. The history of Constantinople covers the period from the Consecration of the city in 330, when Constantinople became the new capital of the Roman Empire, to its conquest by the Ottomans in 1453. Constantinople was rebuilt practically from scratch on the site of Byzantium.
The struggle for Constantinople [1] [2] [3] was a complex series of conflicts following the dissolution of the Byzantine Empire in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, fought between the Latin Empire established by the Crusaders, various Byzantine successor states, and foreign powers such as the Second Bulgarian Empire and Sultanate of Rum, for control of Constantinople and supremacy ...
A few decades after the recapture of Constantinople in 1282, the empire's population was in the range of 3–5 million; by 1312, the number had dropped to 2 million. [207] By the time the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople, there were only 50,000 people in the city, one-tenth of its population in its prime. [208]
In similar fashion, many of the greatest works of Greek and Roman art were soon to be seen in its squares and streets. The emperor stimulated private building by promising householders gifts of land from the imperial estates in Asiana and Pontica and on 18 May 332 he announced that, as in Rome, free distributions of food would be made to the ...
Even before the conquest of Constantinople, some Ottoman rulers made steps towards Roman legitimacy. The fourth Ottoman sultan, Bayezid I (r. 1389–1402) styled himself as the sultan-ı Rûm ("sultan of Rome"), [14] a claim that was accepted at least in Timurid sources, wherein Bayezid is referred to as qayṣar-i Rūm. [15]
Second Rome most commonly refers to Constantinople, which was the capital of the Roman Empire from 330 onwards, lasting as the capital for the subsequent Byzantine Empire until its fall in 1453. The term may also refer to: Holy Roman Empire, as a "second Roman Empire" through translatio imperii.
The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire.The city was captured on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a 55-day siege which had begun on 6 April.