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Most of the pairs listed below are closely related: for example, "absent" as a noun meaning "missing", and as a verb meaning "to make oneself missing". There are also many cases in which homographs are of an entirely separate origin, or whose meanings have diverged to the point that present-day speakers have little historical understanding: for ...
The grammar of Old English differs greatly from Modern English, predominantly being much more inflected.As a Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system similar to that of the Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including constructions characteristic of the Germanic daughter languages such as ...
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
The following is a handy reference for editors, listing various common spelling differences between national varieties of English. Please note: If you are not familiar with a spelling, please do some research before changing it – it may be your misunderstanding rather than a mistake, especially in the case of American and British English spelling differences.
The first published English grammar was a Pamphlet for Grammar of 1586, written by William Bullokar with the stated goal of demonstrating that English was just as rule-based as Latin. Bullokar's grammar was faithfully modeled on William Lily's Latin grammar, Rudimenta Grammatices (1534), used in English schools at that time, having been ...
Although the spelling g is used for the palatal consonant /j/ from the earliest Old English texts, the letter i is also found as a minority spelling of /j/. West Saxon scribes came to prefer to use ri rather than rg to spell the /rj/ sequence found in verbs like herian and swerian , whereas Mercian and Northumbrian texts generally used rg in ...
The word grammar often has divergent meanings when used in contexts outside linguistics. It may be used more broadly to include orthographic conventions of written language, such as spelling and punctuation, which are not typically considered part of grammar by linguists; that is, the conventions used for writing a language
1688. Guy Miège: The English Grammar. [34] 1693. Joseph Aickin: The English grammar. [34] 1700. A. Lane: A Key to the Art of Letters. [34] 1745. Ann Fisher A New Grammar. [35] 1761. Joseph Priestley: The Rudiments of English Grammar:Adapted to the Use of Schools. 1762. Robert Lowth: A short introduction to English grammar: with critical notes ...