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It includes the total number of people with each surname as well as the rate per 100,000 people. Figures for the 2000 Census are also included for comparison. [10] In 2010, there were 51,089,493 people with last names in the top 100, representing 16.5% of the total (308,745,538).
Governments can also forcibly change people's names, as when the National Socialist government of Germany assigned German names to European people in the territories they conquered. [28] In the 1980s, the People's Republic of Bulgaria forcibly changed the first and last names of its Turkish citizens to Bulgarian names. [29]
For ease of use, the [i] in front of the last name, and the ending _ve, were dropped. If the last name ends in [a], then removing the [j] would give the name of the patriarch or the place, as in, Grudaj - j = Gruda (place in MM). Otherwise, removing the whole ending [aj] yields the name of founder or place of origin, as in Lekaj - aj = Lek(ë).
Onomastics has applications in data mining, with applications such as named-entity recognition, or recognition of the origin of names. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a popular approach in historical research, where it can be used to identify ethnic minorities within populations [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and for the purpose of prosopography .
Lists of the most common surnames by continent: Lists of most common surnames in African countries; Lists of most common surnames in Asian countries; Lists of most common surnames in European countries; Lists of most common surnames in North American countries; Lists of most common surnames in Oceanian countries
In India, surnames are placed as last names or before first names, which often denote: village of origin, caste, clan, office of authority their ancestors held, or trades of their ancestors. The use of surnames is a relatively new convention, introduced during British colonisation.
Articles in this category are concerned with surnames (last names in Western cultures, but family names in general), especially articles concerned with one surname. Use template {} to populate this category. However, do not use the template on disambiguation pages that contain a list of people by family name.
Unlike modern surnames (family names), they were specific to a person and were not transferred to a person's children. Before 1500, hereditary surnames (family names) were almost unheard except among a few, select elite families. For a long time after that, they were inconsistently used and only found in the upper strata (often urban) of society.
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