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A nail disease or onychosis is a disease or deformity of the nail. Although the nail is a structure produced by the skin and is a skin appendage , nail diseases have a distinct classification as they have their own signs and symptoms which may relate to other medical conditions.
Initial treatment for severe disease is with intravenous calcium chloride and possibly magnesium sulfate. [1] Other treatments may include vitamin D , magnesium , and calcium supplements . [ 2 ] If due to hypoparathyroidism , hydrochlorothiazide , phosphate binders , and a low salt diet may also be recommended. [ 2 ]
Koilonychia, also known as spoon nails, [1]: 782 is a nail disease that can be a sign of hypochromic anemia, especially iron-deficiency anemia. [2]: 656 [3] It refers to abnormally thin nails (usually of the hand) which have lost their convexity, becoming flat or even concave in shape. In a sense, koilonychia is the opposite of nail clubbing ...
Flatfoot in a 55-year-old woman with ankle and knee arthritis Vascular ischemia of the toes with the characteristic cyanosis Chilblains, also called perniosis Bunion and hammer toe Foot disease in a Ziguinchor hospital, Senegal, 1973 Athlete's foot, a fungal infection. Diseases of the foot generally are not limited, that is they are related to ...
Some people suggest that it also may be caused by calcium deficiency, [13] although this is not backed up by research. Leukonychia occurs most commonly in healthy individuals, and is unrelated to any known nutritional or physiological deficiency. [5] When caused by injury the marks will disappear as the nail grows outwards.
Onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic shedding of the nails beginning at the proximal end, possibly caused by the temporary arrest of the function of the nail matrix. [1]: 784 [2]: 660 One cause in children is hand, foot, and mouth disease. [3] This generally resolves without complication.
Onychomycosis, also known as tinea unguium, [4] is a fungal infection of the nail. [2] Symptoms may include white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. [2] Fingernails may be affected, but it is more common for toenails. [3] Complications may include cellulitis of the lower leg. [3]
Although overall well-being is not typically determined by nail health, fissures, nail fissures (or breaks) and calcium spots are minor indications of inner health. [2] Hapalonychia is known to occur in persons with myxedema, rheumatoid arthritis, anorexia, bulimia, Hansen's disease, Raynaud phenomenon, oral retinoid therapy, and radiodermatitis.