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Sorbitol (/ ˈsɔː (r) bɪtɒl /), less commonly known as glucitol (/ ˈɡluːsɪtɒl /), is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, which changes the converted aldehyde group (−CHO) to a primary alcohol group (−CH 2 OH). Most sorbitol is made from potato ...
The polyol pathway is a two-step process that converts glucose to fructose. [1] In this pathway glucose is reduced to sorbitol, which is subsequently oxidized to fructose. It is also called the sorbitol-aldose reductase pathway. The pathway is implicated in diabetic complications, especially in microvascular damage to the retina, [2] kidney, [3 ...
Sorbitan is produced by the dehydration of sorbitol and is an intermediate in the conversion of sorbitol to isosorbide.The dehydration reaction usually produces sorbitan as a mixture of five- and six-membered cyclic ethers (1,4-anhydrosorbitol, 1,5-anhydrosorbitol and 1,4,3,6-dianhydrosorbitol) [3] with the five-membered 1,4-anhydrosorbitol form being the dominant product.
The reaction steps are: hydrogenation of D - glucose to D - sorbitol, an organic reaction with nickel as a catalyst under high temperature and high pressure. Microbial oxidation or fermentation of sorbitol to L - sorbose with acetobacter [2] at pH 4-6 and 30 °C. The final step is a ring-closing step or gamma lactonization with removal of water ...
Sugar alcohols can be, and often are, produced from renewable resources.Particular feedstocks are starch, cellulose and hemicellulose; the main conversion technologies use H 2 as the reagent: hydrogenolysis, i.e. the cleavage of C−O single bonds, converting polymers to smaller molecules, and hydrogenation of C=O double bonds, converting sugars to sugar alcohols.
Ascorbic acid is a furan -based lactone of 2-ketogluconic acid. It contains an adjacent enediol adjacent to the carbonyl. This −C (OH)=C (OH)−C (=O)− structural pattern is characteristic of reductones, and increases the acidity of one of the enol hydroxyl groups.
Remineralization is a natural process and does not have to involve fluoride. Tooth remineralization is the natural repair process for non-cavitated tooth lesions, [1][2] in which calcium, phosphate and sometimes fluoride ions are deposited into crystal voids in demineralised enamel. Remineralization can contribute towards restoring strength and ...
Maltitol is a disaccharide produced by hydrogenation of maltose obtained from starch. Maltitol syrup, a hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, is produced by hydrogenating corn syrup, a mixture of carbohydrates produced from the hydrolysis of starch. This product contains between 50% and 80% maltitol by weight. The remainder is mostly sorbitol, with ...