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Polynomial remainder theorem. In algebra, the polynomial remainder theorem or little Bézout's theorem (named after Étienne Bézout) [1] is an application of Euclidean division of polynomials. It states that, for every number any polynomial is the sum of and the product by of a polynomial in of degree less than the degree of In particular, is ...
In algebra, synthetic division is a method for manually performing Euclidean division of polynomials, with less writing and fewer calculations than long division. It is mostly taught for division by linear monic polynomials (known as Ruffini's rule), but the method can be generalized to division by any polynomial.
Ruffini's rule can be used when one needs the quotient of a polynomial P by a binomial of the form . (When one needs only the remainder, the polynomial remainder theorem provides a simpler method.) A typical example, where one needs the quotient, is the factorization of a polynomial p ( x ) {\displaystyle p(x)} for which one knows a root r :
is a horizontal line with y-intercept a0. The graph of a degree 1 polynomial (or linear function) f(x) = a0 + a1x, where a1 ≠ 0, is an oblique line with y-intercept a0 and slope a1. The graph of a degree 2 polynomial. f(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2, where a2 ≠ 0. is a parabola. The graph of a degree 3 polynomial.
The Cayley–Hamilton theorem is an immediate consequence of the existence of the Jordan normal form for matrices over algebraically closed fields, see Jordan normal form § Cayley–Hamilton theorem. In this section, direct proofs are presented. As the examples above show, obtaining the statement of the Cayley–Hamilton theorem for an n × n ...
Vieta's formulas can equivalently be written as for k = 1, 2, ..., n (the indices ik are sorted in increasing order to ensure each product of k roots is used exactly once). The left-hand sides of Vieta's formulas are the elementary symmetric polynomials of the roots. Vieta's system (*) can be solved by Newton's method through an explicit simple ...
v. t. e. In calculus, Taylor's theorem gives an approximation of a -times differentiable function around a given point by a polynomial of degree , called the -th-order Taylor polynomial. For a smooth function, the Taylor polynomial is the truncation at the order of the Taylor series of the function.
Polynomial long division is an algorithm that implements the Euclidean division of polynomials, which starting from two polynomials A (the dividend) and B (the divisor) produces, if B is not zero, a quotient Q and a remainder R such that. and either R = 0 or the degree of R is lower than the degree of B. These conditions uniquely define Q and R ...