Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
v. t. e. In physics, a coupling constant or gauge coupling parameter (or, more simply, a coupling), is a number that determines the strength of the force exerted in an interaction. Originally, the coupling constant related the force acting between two static bodies to the "charges" of the bodies (i.e. the electric charge for electrostatic and ...
The gauss is the unit of magnetic flux density B in the system of Gaussian units and is equal to Mx /cm 2 or g / Bi /s 2, while the oersted is the unit of H -field. One tesla (T) corresponds to 10 4 gauss, and one ampere (A) per metre corresponds to 4π × 10 −3 oersted. The units for magnetic flux Φ, which is the integral of magnetic B ...
Rutherford scattering or Coulomb scattering is the elastic scattering of charged particles by the Coulomb interaction. The paper also initiated the development of the planetary Rutherford model of the atom and eventually the Bohr model. Rutherford scattering is now exploited by the materials science community in an analytical technique called ...
In science, an inverse-square law is any scientific law stating that the observed "intensity" of a specified physical quantity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity. The fundamental cause for this can be understood as geometric dilution corresponding to point-source radiation into ...
This polarisation effect is a powerful tool for astronomers to detect and measure stellar magnetic fields. The Zeeman effect (/ ˈzeɪmən / ZAY-mən, Dutch: [ˈzeːmɑn]) is the effect of splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence of a static magnetic field. It is named after the Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman, who ...
Unit weights, W ii = 1, are often used but, in that case, the expectation value of U is the root mean square of the experimental errors. The minimization may be performed using the Gauss–Newton method. Firstly the objective function is linearised by approximating it as a first-order Taylor series expansion about an initial parameter set, p.
Maxwell's equations, or Maxwell–Heaviside equations, are a set of coupled partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, classical optics, electric and magnetic circuits. The equations provide a mathematical model for electric, optical, and radio technologies, such ...
This process is used in analytical chemistry to determine the composition of a mixture of the components of known molar absorptivity spectra. For example, if the heights of two lines are found to be h 1 and h 2, c 1 = h 1 / ε 1 and c 2 = h 2 / ε 2. [13] Parameters of the line shape are unknown.