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QRISK3 (the most recent version of QRISK) is a prediction algorithm for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that uses traditional risk factors (age, systolic blood pressure, smoking status and ratio of total serum cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) together with body mass index, ethnicity, measures of deprivation, family history, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, atrial ...
The SCORE risk estimation is based on the following risk factors: gender, age, smoking, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and estimates fatal cardiovascular disease events over a ten-year period. [citation needed] HeartScore is one of the tools developed to implement the 2007 European guidelines on CVD prevention in clinical practice. [2]
Because risk scores such as the Framingham Risk Score give an indication of the likely benefits of prevention, they are useful for both the individual patient and for the clinician in helping decide whether lifestyle modification and preventive medical treatment and for patient education, by identifying men and women at increased risk for future cardiovascular events.
This means that in addition to well-known cardiovascular risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity, a new risk factor has emerged.
Some of these risk factors, such as age, sex or family history/genetic predisposition, are immutable; however, many important cardiovascular risk factors are modifiable by lifestyle change, social change, drug treatment (for example prevention of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes). [24]
In 2023, the World Heart Federation published a report which stated that high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and that elevated LDL cholesterol contributed to 3.8 million deaths in 2021. [6]
LDL cholesterol level thresholds [53] Risk category Criteria for risk category Consider lifestyle modifications Consider medication No. of risk factors† 10-year risk of myocardial ischemia mmol/litre mg/dL mmol/litre mg/dL High Prior heart disease: OR >20% >2.6 [54] >100 >2.6 >100 Moderately high 2 or more: AND 10–20% >3.4 >130 >3.4 >130 ...
MDCalc is a free online medical reference for healthcare professionals that provides point-of-care clinical decision-support tools, including medical calculators, scoring systems, and algorithms. [1]
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